Method for driving lining tubes for molding concrete piles in the ground



June 17, 1930. E. FRANKIGNOUL METHOD FOR DRIVING LINING TUBES FOR MOLDING CONCRETE FILES IN THE GROUND Filed July 25, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l 7!!! lllllllllllllllllllllllll 1| rail/z knoll Z J/IV June 17,1930. E. IFRANKIGNOUL METHOD FOR DRIVING LINING TUBES FOR MOLDING CONCRETE FILES IN THE GROUND Filed July 25, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 L 4 v. a.

...... M mg Patented June-17,1930

EDGAR!) IIBANKIGNOUL, LIEGE, BELGIUM,

assreivoa 'ro socmm 'Ano'mn COHPAGNIE INTERNATIONALE DES PIEUX ARMES FRANKIGNOUL, OF LIEGE,

BELGIUM unmon r03. nmvme nmmo TUBES FOB MOLDING concan'rn PILES ml'rnn enounn ap lication filed July 25, 1a2a, Serial no..a s 1,oa5, and in Be lgium Jnne 14; m9.

Applications for patent have been made in the following countries: Belgium, June 14th, 1929; Luxembur June 18th, 1929; Bel an Congo, June 19th, 1929; Switzerland, une

19th, 1929; France, June 19th, 1929; Italy, June 22nd, 1929; Austria, June 22nd, 1929;

Great Britain, June 25th, 1929 Spain, June 26th, 1929, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to the construction of concrete foundation piles in the ground particularly in soft or water bearing ground.

It provides for use'to be made of an improved method which facilitates driving and withdrawing the lining tube While prevent- 1 ing water, mud or soil entering the interior of this tube.

According to this method a mass of broken stone or stones is first poured into the lini tube which is set up vertically upon the ground and then amass of absolutely dry concrete, which is packed down by means of a ram having a frustoconical head, in such a manner as to compress the mass laterally against the wall of the tube. p

In this way a fluid-tight plug of stony compressed concrete is formed which adheres sufliciently to the wall of the tube for the continual blows of the ram on this 'plug to 30 cause the tube to be driven into the ground as far as the desired depth.

In this way all water, mud or soil is a solutely prevented from entering the tube above the plug during the driving operation.

eration, the plug of concrete formed below the striking surface of the ram has first pushed vinto the ground a part of the mass of stones situated beneath it so as to form a kind of stony point.

By continuing to strike upon the said plug the latter carries along the tube, descends very slowly towards the lower 'end of the tube and gradually .pushes. out the mass of stones a certain number of which are forced I out laterallyand tear or separate the soil beneath the tube, that is tosay produce a loosening whichpermits the tube to descend more easily.

- The stones thus forced outwards become orifice of the said tube.

At the commencement of the driving op-.

disposed in succession in the ground around the tube as the latter descends so as to produce a sort of stony sheath round the driven in part of this tube which considerably facilitatesthe sliding of the said tube in the ground.

When the-tube has been driven to the desired depth, the plug is brought by gradual downward movement as far as the lower certain quantity of fresh concrete is then poured above the plug and then the tube is raised by a few centimetres so as to leave a certain space beneath it and it is held in this position, after which the mass of fresh concrete is rammed energetically in order to drive the plug gradually out of the tube while keeping the lower orifice closed by this mass of fresh concrete.

A fresh quantity of concrete is then poured in and rammed and then the tube is again raised and so on, so that the body of the concrete pile is gradually mounted as the tube is extracted. The rammin action is continued at the lower part of t e pile for a certain length of time so as to form a good wide base in the ound.

It is to be noted that the stones which are forced out laterally as the tube is driven in and which become encrusted in the groundv so as to form a stony sheath, assist the tube considerably insliding in the ground when it is raised in successive stages.

In addition, the successive operations of driving in concrete by ramming during the construction of the pile have the efi'ect of spreading the ground laterally so that the stones which have previously become en- .crusted in it are pushed towards the concrete pileby the ground under compression and become partly encrusted in the pile so as to form upon the base of the said pile and over the whole of its height a succession of pronounced. projections which form so many ateral anchorages in the ground and considerably increase the bearing capacity of the pile. I s

It is not always necessary to pour the concrete on to the plug and raise the tube gradually 2 to 3 cins. only at a time in order to drive the plug out of the tube raduall In this case the concrete is only a ded at t e moment when the plug has almost completely left the tube. In dry earth the "plug can be. driven out with a single blow wit outtakingspecial precautions in view of the absence of water and mud.

An embodiment of the above described process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is the linin tube placed upon the ground and filled at its ower part with a mass of stones,lpebbles or like material surmounted by'a mass of dry compressible concrete.

Figure 2 shows the same tube after ramming and compression of the mass of concrete against the inner wall of the tube.

Figure 3 shows the same tube during dri'v- I ing, the concrete plug having descended slightly in the tube under the striking action of the ram while a part of the stones forced I of the form. It is understood that the plug out laterally have become set in the ground outside the tube.

Figure 4 shows the same tube completely a driven in.

Figure' 5 shows the above mentioned tube slightly raised and after having received 'a charge of fresh concrete for expelling the are 6 s ows the p 11g com letely expellet l, the enlarged base of the pi e being already in formatlon.

Figurev 7 shows the construction of the pile by driving in fresh concrete which has been poured in the tube, the stones which were previous forced out into the ground being pushed back by this round so as to become part1 encrusted in t e column of concrete and orm projections thereon.

Figure 8 shows thecompletely' moulded pile with its stony projections.

Inthese figures, a is the tube, 6 the mass of phg graduall by 'strikin with the ram.

stones, 0 the compressible dry concrete plug,

I), the stones encrusted latera in the ground, (I the ram, e e e the masses of fresh concrete subjected to the rammin action of the ram, e the bod of the moul ed pile, b the stones encruste in this body so as to form anchorage projections in the ground.

The use of the'process described is obvi ously not limited to the case of soft or water bearing ground.

The said method is also a plicable to the construction of iles in any nd of ground e'ienground whlch is only slightly compressi le.

It is to be particularly noted that the salient 1 feature of the present mventionis the provision in the lower end of the form, when thethe ram acting on this plug alone will force the form and plug into the ground. It will,

mains that the frictional of "course, be appreciated that someeitent at least the stones forming the lower p on tion of the plu act in a way as providmg'a so projecting to be forced laterally as .the form descends without forcing the plu as such out of the lower end of the form. on the form has reached the desired depth it is, as explained, held against further downward movement and the following repeated blows of the ram on the plug serve to force the plu toa very considerable degree outof the en the plug. Therefore, the repeated blowsonthe plug tend to cause that portion of the lug which is forced beyond the end of the orm to spread laterally, possibly to a greater extent than downwardly. The result is that the base of the pile which, of course, is provided by the plug at least in part, is of more or less mushroom type, that is, spread laterally to a diameter materially exceeding that of the orm.

Of course, if the particular work in hand requires a materially enlarged base, the subsequent batches of cement added to the form may in efiect be forced into the plug to cause a further spreading of the base. After the base has been constructed to the desired mass or area, the subsequentlyintroduced batches of cement are utilized to buildthe concrete pile above the base. As explained above, each successive batch of cement is subjected to the cessive operation. Under these circumstances',-each successive batch of concrete is to some extent deflected laterally under the action ofthe ram and in that portion of the batch which is beyond the end of the form. Thus each batch of cement tends to reduce a diametric enlargement of the norma diameter of the pile as the building up of the pile progresses. Furthermore, as each successive atch of concrete is subjected to a similar ramming action, it will be appreciated that the lateral spread of each successive batch length above that base which is upwardly,

1 a hollow form with a terminal,

diverging with successive areas of well defined, laterally enlarged areas, all of which tend to a more efl'ectives'ecuring of the pile in the ground in a rigid fixed relation.

The stones forming part of the plug which have been gradually dislodged durmg the driving action of the plug and form andwhich provide more or ,less'of a Wall surrounding the form will, under the spreadingaction of the successive batches of concrete referred to, be naturally embedded in this concrete and, of course, in the immediately adjacent ground. These stones, forming as they doa large number of projections beyond the actual concrete surface of the pile, tend in no small degree to increase the stability and immovabilit of the pile.

T '0 term the claims is intended to designate any conventional material making up a dry, unset" mass which, after utilization as a driving plug, may subse uently serve as the material for the base of t e pile .to be-molded.

What I claim is: v a 1. In a method of molding concrete pile in theground, those steps involvin providinga hollow form with a terminal, r unset concrete plug, and driving the form to the required depth into the ground by driving action directly on the lug.

2. In a method 0 molding concrete piles in the ground, those steps involvin provid-, ing a hollow form with a massof ry, unset concrete at one end. subjecting the mass to a driving action tending to force the mass into concrete as usedherein and in and driving the form into the mind by re-.

peated successive blows on t e plug, the stones being gradually dislodged under the repeatedblows for beari-n contact with the form during movement. 0 the latter'under said blows 5. Animproved method for driving forms for the construction of concrete piles molded in the ground consistin in providing a hollow form, inserting a p ug of dry, unset con- Crete in the end of the form, compressin the plug by an element having a rounded ead to insure a fluid-tight connection between the plug and form and a frictional engagement to'permit the driving action of said driving element on the lug alone to force the plug and form into the round.

6. In a method 0 molding concrete or like piles in the round, those steps involving providing a ho low form with a terminal plug of dry, unset material capable of use as a' base for the pile, and driving the form'to the required depth into the ground by driving action directly on the plug.

' In witness whereof I afiix my signature:

EDGARD FRANKIGNOUL.

frictional binding engagement with the wall of the. form, and thereaftrdriving the form into the ground by a driving actlon on the concrete mass alone.

3. In a method offorming concrete piles in the ground, those steps involving roviding ry, unset concrete plug, driving the'form to the required depth into the round by driving'action directly on said p ug, holdin the form against furthermovement under t e driving action, and continuingthe' driving action to force the lug from the end of the form to serve as a use for the concrete pile.

4. 'In a method of molding concrete piles in tlge ground, those ste s consisting in providing adiollowform an a terminal, dry, unset concrete plug including a mass of stones,

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